Bruegel’s European Clean Tech Atlas maps the continent’s industrial and energy transformation, tracking the deployment of clean technologies and developments in production, investment and trade. The global clean technology market reached a value of around USD 1.1 trillion in 2025, while investments recorded in new European manufacturing facilities have totalled EUR 118 billion since 2016. The picture emerging from the analysis shows that the transition is already under way, set against an energy consumption model that remains deeply reliant on fossil fuels, largely imported at an estimated average cost of around EUR 1,750 per household per year. The overall assessment is complemented by profiles of individual European countries, both within and outside the EU, which allow for a closer view of how this transformation is taking shape across different national settings, with varying trajectories and conditions in each context.
Author: Hèctor Badenes Rodríguez, Benjamin Bjerkan-Wade, Marie Jugé, Ugnė Keliauskaitė, Ben McWilliams and Simone Tagliapietra
Publisher: Bruegel
Publication date: September 2026